![]() ![]() ![]() Eventually, we expect the single Sequencer to be replaced by a distributed committee of Sequencers who come to consensus on transaction ordering. The Validators are the ones responsible for the safety of the chain i.e., making staked claims about the chain state, disputing each other, etc.Ĭurrently, on Arbitrum One, the Sequencer is a centralized entity maintained by Offchain Labs. A malicious/faulty Sequencer can do things like reordering transactions or temporarily delaying a transaction's inclusion - things which could be, to be sure, annoying and bad - but can do nothing to compromise the chain's safety. The Sequencer is the entity granted specific privileges over ordering transactions once the Sequencer commits to an ordering (by posting a batch on Ethereum), it has no say over what happens next (i.e., execution). Variants of the AnyTrust model in which the new trust assumption is minimized are under consideration stay tuned.Īn Arbitrum Chain's Sequencer(s) and Validators and completely distinct entities, with their own distinct roles. ![]() This is the core upside of AnyTrust chains over rollups. In what should be the common and happy case, however, in which at least 19 of the 20 committee members are well behaved, the system operates without posting the L2 chain's data on L1, and thus, users pay significantly lower fees. If anywhere between 2 and 18 of the committee members are well behaved, the AnyTrust chain operates in "Rollup mode" i.e., data gets posted on L1. If 19 out of the 20 committee members and the Sequencer are malicious and colluding together, they can break the chain's safety (and, e.g., steal users' funds) this is the new trust assumption. For simplicity, we'll hereby assume a committee of size 20 and a K value of 2: We introduce some threshold, K, with the assumption that at least K members of the committee are honest. For more information, see Inside Arbitrum Nitro.īy contrast, Arbitrum AnyTrust introduces a trust assumption in exchange for lower fees data availability is managed by a Data Availability Committee (DAC), a fixed, permissioned set of entities. This means the availability of this data follows directly from the security properties of Ethereum itself, and, in turn, that any party can participate in validating the chain and ensuring its safety. Part of how these properties are achieved is by requiring all chain data to be posted on layer 1. Arbitrum Rollup is an Optimistic Rollup protocol it is trustless and permissionless. ![]()
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